Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that blueberry anthocyanins exert beneficial biological effects on consumers health. In vitro methodology allows to evaluate the stability of the anthocyanins in relation to the interaction of the different components of the dietary matrices, the pH, the temperature, the presence of inhibitors or absorption enhancers and the presence of enzymes. The aims of this research were to develop a methodology of in vitro digestion and to evaluate the in vitro bioavailability of anthocyanins present in blueberry juice and in a snack formulated with blueberry juice and apple. The results indicate that, although there is a loss of anthocyanins during the digestive process, they are able to cross all the stages and reach the intestine, allowing controlled release of these antioxidants present in blueberry juice and the snack.
References
BASU, A., DU, M., LEYVA, M. J., SANCHEZ, K., BETTS, N. M., WU, M., … LYONS, T. J. (2010). Blueberries Decrease Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome123. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(9), 1582–1587. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.124701.chokeberries
BETORET, N., ANDRÉS, A., SEGUI, L., & FITO, P. (2007). Application of safes (systematic approach to food engineering systems) methodology to dehydration of apple by combined methods. Journal of Food Engineering, 83(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.02.018
BLANQUET, S., ZEIJDNER, E., BEYSSAC, E., MEUNIER, J. P., DENIS, S., HAVENAAR, R., & ALRIC, M. (2004). A dynamic arificial gastrointestinal system for studying the behavior of orally administrated drug dosage forms under various physiological conditions. Pharmaceutical Research, 21(4), 585–591.
BOISEN, S., & EGGUM, B. O. (1991). Critical evaluation of in vitro methods for estimating digestibility in simple-stomach animals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 4(1), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19910012
BOUAYED, J., HOFFMANN, L., & BOHN, T. (2011). Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of apple varieties: Bioaccessibility and potential uptake. Food Chemistry, 128(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.052
CASTAGNINI, J. M., ZAPATA, L. M., QUINTEROS, C. F., & NOCETI, A. (2017). Multiple response optimization of blueberry juice depectinization. Ciencia Rural, 47(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160501
COLES, L. T., MOUGHAN, P. J., & DARRAGH, A. J. (2005). In vitro digestion and fermentation methods, including gas production techniques, as applied to nutritive evaluation of foods in the hindgut of humans and other simple-stomached animals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123–124, P(0), 421–444. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.021
FLORES, F. P., SINGH, R. K., KERR, W. L., PEGG, R. B., & KONG, F. (2014). Total phenolics content and antioxidant capacities of microencapsulated blueberry anthocyanins during in vitro digestion. Food Chemistry, 153, 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.063
FLORES, G., RUIZ DEL CASTILLO, M. L., COSTABILE, A., KLEE, A., BIGETTI GUERGOLETTO, K., & GIBSON, G. R. (2015). In vitro fermentation of anthocyanins encapsulated with cyclodextrins: Release, metabolism and influence on gut microbiota growth. Journal of Functional Foods, 16, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.022
FORESTER, S. C., & WATERHOUSE, A. L. (2010). Gut metabolites of anthocyanins, gallic acid, 3-O-methylgallic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, inhibit cell proliferation of caco-2 cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(9), 5320–5327. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9040172
GIUSTI, M. M., & WROLSTAD, R. E. (2001). Characterization and Measurement of Anthocyanins by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. In Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry (pp. 1–13). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0102s00
HE, J., & GIUSTI, M. M. (2010). Anthocyanins: Natural Colorants with Health-Promoting Properties. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 1(1), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100754
HIDALGO, M., ORUNA-CONCHA, M. J., WALTON, G. E., KALLITHRAKA, S., SPENCER, J. P. E., GIBSON, G. R., & PASCUAL-TERESA, S. DE. (2012). Metabolism of Anthocyanins by Human Gut Micro fl ora and Their In fl uence on Gut Bacterial Growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 3882–3890.
KALT, W., BLUMBERG, J. B., MCDONALD, J. E., VINQVIST-TYMCHUK, M. R., FILLMORE, S. A. E., GRAF, B. A., … MILBURY, P. E. (2008). Identification of anthocyanins in the liver, eye, and brain of blueberry-fed pigs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(3), 705–712. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071998l
KALT, W., MCDONALD, J. E., RICKER, R. D., & LU, X. (1999). Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 79(4), 617–623. https://doi.org/10.4141/P99-009
KAY, C. D., & HOLUB, B. J. (2002). The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on postprandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects. The British Journal of Nutrition, 88(4), 389–98. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002665
LIANG, L., WU, X., ZHAO, T., ZHAO, J., LI, F., ZOU, Y., … YANG, L. (2012). In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion. Food Research International, 46(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.11.024
MCANULTY, S. R., MCANULTY, L. S., MORROW, J. D., KHARDOUNI, D., SHOOTER, L., MONK, J., … BROWN, V. (2005). Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in chronic smokers. Free Radical Research, 39(11), 1241–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500306836
MCDOUGALL, G. J., FYFFE, S., DOBSON, P., & STEWART, D. (2005). Anthocyanins from red cabbage – stability to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Phytochemistry, 66, 2540–2548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.004
MOGHE, S. S., JUMA, S., IMRHAN, V., & VIJAYAGOPAL, P. (2012). Effect of Blueberry Polyphenols on 3T3-F442A Preadipocyte Differentiation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 15(5), 448–452. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2011.0234
MURUGAN, R., CHANDRAN, R., & PARIMELAZHAGAN, T. (2016). Effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Phoenix loureirii on polyphenolics, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 74, 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.075
NOGUER, M., CEREZO, A. B., RENTZSCH, M., WINTERHALTER, P., TRONCOSO, A. M., & GARCÍA-PARRILLA, M. C. (2008). Simulated digestion and antioxidant activity of red wine fractions separated by high speed countercurrent chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(19), 8879–8884. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf8007376
NORBERTO, S., SILVA, S., MEIRELES, M., FARIA, A., PINTADO, M., & CALHAU, C. (2013). Blueberry anthocyanins in health promotion: A metabolic overview. Journal of Functional Foods, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.015
OIDTMANN, J., SCHANTZ, M., MÄDER, K., BAUM, M., BERG, S., BETZ, M., … RICHLING, E. (2012). Preparation and comparative release characteristics of three anthocyanin encapsulation systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(3), 844–851. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2047515
SEERAM, N. P. (2008). Berry fruits for cancer prevention: Current status and future prospects. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(3), 630–635. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072504n
STEVENSON, D. E., COONEY, J. M., JENSEN, D. J., ZHANG, J., & WIBISONO, R. (2007). Comparison of the relative recovery of polyphenolics in two fruit extracts from a model of degradation during digestion and metabolism. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51(8), 939–945. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700087
STULL, A. J., CASH, K. C., JOHNSON, W. D., CHAMPAGNE, C. M., & CEFALU, W. T. (2010). Bioactives in Blueberries Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Men and Women. Journal of Nutrition, 140(10), 1764–1768. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.125336
TAGLIAZUCCHI, D., VERZELLONI, E., BERTOLINI, D., & CONTE, A. (2010). In vitro bio-accessibility and antioxidant activity of grape polyphenols. Food Chemistry, 120(2), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.030
VRHOVSEK, U., MASUERO, D., PALMIERI, L., & MATTIVI, F. (2012). Identification and quantification of flavonol glycosides in cultivated blueberry cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 25(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.015
ZAFRA-STONE, S., YASMIN, T., BAGCHI, M., CHATTERJEE, A., VINSON, J. A., & BAGCHI, D. (2007). Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51(6), 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700002
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2018 Carolina Ayelen Zampedri, Patricia Andrea Zampedri, Ornella Scattolaro, Luz Marina Zapata, Juan Manuel Castagnini